![]() Consequently, Nagaoka and others tried to correlate spectral series, bands and other data observed in ► spectroscopy and early research on radioactivity with predictions derived from his model - in vain. ![]() Radioactivity was interpreted as an occasional breakdown of saturnian rings, with electrons then being ejected from the atoms as ß-rays. Unlike Bohr one decade later, Nagaoka thought that the observed atomic spectra should be directly correlated with the electron’s orbit frequency. 1) Even though its basic assumption foreshadowed later models of the atom, such as John William Nicholson’s (1881–1955) and Niels Bohr’s (1885–1962), it differed from ► Bohr’s atomic model in crucial points. ![]() Thus, Nagaoka’s model is also called a saturnian model. Nagaoka assumed that the atom is a large, massive, positively charged sphere, encircled by very many (in order of magnitude: hundreds) light-weight, negatively charged ► electrons, bound by electrostatic forces analogous to Saturn’s ring, which is stabilized and attracted to the heavy planet by gravitation and consists of a myriad of small fragments. This graduate of the University of Tokyo from 1887 spent his postdoctoral period in Vienna, Berlin and Munich before obtaining a professorship in Tokyo to become Japan’s foremost modern physicist. In late 1903, Hantaro Nagaoka (1865–1950) developed the earliest published quasi-planetary model of the atom. ![]()
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